إشكالية التفاعل بين التنمية الاقتصادية و تصدير الموارد الطبيعية: حالة دول OPEC

Abstract

Abstract:

The Analysis of the impact of natural resources on economic growth and development is due to the beginning of the specialization of many economies in the production of energy resources such as petroleum, gas and minerals. empirical studies have not yet reached a common conclusion about this relationship. 40% of them found that natural resources have a negative impact on economic growth, 20% have a positive effect, 40% have no significant results. In this study, we are trying to re-examine this relationship in OPEC countries during the period 1990-2014, based on four models: the Dutch Disease model, the second explain the impact of petroleum resources on economic growth, the third on the impact of petroleum resources and the quality of government institutions on Per capita income, and the fourth explains the impact of natural resources and the quality of government institutions on the human development index. We found through the study that the OPEC countries were partially exposed to the Dutch disease phenomenon, this phenomenon did not occur as shown in the Corden model, and the only impact that was observed is the spending one, and may not necessarily be generated by this phenomenon, but because of Economic development processes in these countries during the period study. We also found in the second model that oil resources positively affected the growth of the economy in some of the OPEC countries during the period 1990-2014, such as Algeria, and Lags periods where observed, but the lesson is not the collection of wealth, but how to distribut it amoung the society members. In the third model, we have not been able to know the effect of government institutions on income per capita since we have obtained a non-significant relationship. We also noted in the fourth model that the government effectiveness index had a positive effect on OPEC countries. So, This indicator positively affected the human development index in Kuwait and Venezuela. From this point of view, we can ask whether the OPEC countries suffer from an institutional curse, rather than an oil one ? Key words : Oil price - Dutch Disease- Natural Resource Curse- Economic Development of OPEC members.