Déterminants nutritionnels de la mère diabétique et effet sur le développement du nouveau né.

Abstract

The aim of our work is to take stock of the nutritional determinants of diabetic mothers and to study the health of their newborns to understand the impact of nutrition and the mother's health on the newborn. To this end, 165 diabetic mothers aged betwen 20 and 40 years and 161 newborns admitted to the specialist hospital in gynecology and obstetrics in the city of Sidi Bel Abbes (west of Algeria) have the objective of an anthropometric study, laboratory tests. A food survey was conducted in diabetic mothers. The results show that the average age of women with diabetes is 33.26 ± 5,15 years, their socioeconomic level is low with 47.32% have a monthly income and only 8.06% are academics. The clinical study demonstrates the existence of gestational diabetes with a high rate (50.60%), abortions rates are high among diabetic women (35.76%) compared to the control group (18.07%).The anthropometric data show increased weight in diabetic women of the first age group compared to the control group with a significant difference p <0.05; with the existence of an overweight in diabetic mothers and even in witnesses aged betwen 30 and 40 years (BMI> 25) .Our results also show that energy intakes are above to the recommended dietary allowances(RDA) in diabetic women, with a significant difference between the two groups (p <0,05) .The intake of carbohydrates and lipids are also higher compared to the RDA in diabetic women and also in the control group, we found against iron deficiency in both groups with a very significant difference (p <0.001 ), vitamin intake B9 are also lower than the RDA in diabetic women and in the control group. Water requirements are covered in diabetic women compared to the control group with a significant difference (p <0.001) .The results of biological tests showed that the value of glycated hemoglobin and postprandial glycemia in diabetic women higher than the standards. The study of the health of newborns show that macrosomia predominates in newborns of diabetic mothers with a rate of 22.36%, the rate of hypoglycemia is 18.01% whereas in controls it does not exist we found that only 38.52% of newborns have Apgar scores> 7 with a significant difference compared to control (p <0.01). A significant difference (p <0.05) the weight and the PC has been noted between the two groups. The results of biological testing showed the existence of hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia in newborns of diabetic mothers. In conclusion, the results indicate that the nutritional status and the mother's health are closely linked which has an impact on the health of the fetus and newborn this may affect the future of the child in periods of life that come later.